a) 畑 -> 累 -> 紹 -> 超
畑 hatake - cultivated field
累 RUI - involvement, trouble, accumulation
紹 SHOU - introduction
超 CHOU, ko(su), ko(eru) - cross, go over, exceed
b) 翌 -> 音 -> 明 -> 胆
翌 YOKU - next, following
音 ON, IN, oto, ne - sound
明 MEI, MYOU, aka(rui), a(keru) - bright
胆 TAN - gallbladder, courage