a) 章 -> 古 -> 員 -> 財
章 SHOU - chapter, badge, mark
古 KO, furu(i) - old
員 IN - member
財 ZAI, SAI - money, wealth, property
b) 計 -> 古 -> 吐 -> 増
計 KEI, haka(ru), haka(rau) - plan, total, measure
古 KO, furu(i) - old
吐 TOU, ha(ku) - spew, vomit, give vent to
増 ZOU, ma(su), fu(eru), fu(yasu) - increase, rise, raise