a) 婆 -> 如 -> 吐 -> 堀
婆 BA - old woman
如 JO, NYO - equal, like, as, as if
吐 TOU, ha(ku) - spew, vomit, give vent to
堀 hori - moat, canal, ditch
b) 誓 -> 詳 -> 養 -> 飼
誓 SEI, chika(u) - swear, pledge, vow
詳 SHOU, kuwa(shii) - detailed, full, familiar with
養 YOU, yashina(u) - rear, support, adopt
飼 SHI, ka(u) - raise, keep pets