a) 篤 -> 駐 -> 素 -> 紋
篤 YUU, sugu(reru), yasa(shii) - excel, gentle, tender
駐 CHUU - stop, reside
素 SO, SU - element, naked, simple
紋 MON - crest, pattern
b) 案 -> 柱 -> 素 -> 絵
案 AN - plan, proposal
柱 CHUU, hashira - pillar, column, pole
素 SO, SU - element, naked, simple
絵 KAI, E - picture