a) 雷 -> 累 -> 細 -> 界
雷 RAI, kaminari - thunder
累 RUI - involvement, trouble, accumulation
細 SAI, hoso(i), hoso(ru), koma(kai) - thin, narrow, slender
界 KAI - world
b) 架 -> 柱 -> 責 -> 贈
架 KA, ka(keru), ka(karu) - hang, build (a bridge)
柱 CHUU, hashira - pillar, column, pole
責 SEKI, se(meru) - condemn, censure, torture
贈 ZOU, SOU, oku(ru) - give, present, bestow