a) 切 -> 召 -> 吐 -> 増
切 SETSU, ki(ru), ki(reru) - cut
召 SHOU, me(su) - summon, wear, take
吐 TOU, ha(ku) - spew, vomit, give vent to
増 ZOU, ma(su), fu(eru), fu(yasu) - increase, rise, raise
b) 章 -> 古 -> 吐 -> 地
章 SHOU - chapter, badge, mark
古 KO, furu(i) - old
吐 TOU, ha(ku) - spew, vomit, give vent to
地 CHI, JI - earth, land