a) 要 -> 如 -> 呈 -> 球
要 YOU, i(ru) - essential(s) need
如 JO, NYO - equal, like, as, as if
呈 TEI - offer, present, exhibit
球 KYUU, tama - ball, sphere
b) 案 -> 柱 -> 青 -> 脚
案 AN - plan, proposal
柱 CHUU, hashira - pillar, column, pole
青 SEI, SHOU, ao(i) - blue
脚 KYAKU, KYA, ashi - leg