a) 計 -> 古 -> 吐 -> 堤
計 KEI, haka(ru), haka(rau) - plan, total, measure
古 KO, furu(i) - old
吐 TOU, ha(ku) - spew, vomit, give vent to
堤 TEI, tsutsumi - bank, embankment, dike
b) 粒 -> 辛 -> 古 -> 吹
粒 RYUU, tsubu - a grain
辛 SHIN, kara(i) - hot, spicy, trying
古 KO, furu(i) - old
吹 SUI, fu(ku) - blow