a) 動 -> 加 -> 吟 -> 含
動 DOU , ugo(ku) - move
加 KA, kuwa(eru), kuwa(waru) - add, append, join, take part
吟 GIN - sing, chant, recite
含 GAN, fuku(mu), fuku(meru) - hold, include, contain
b) 弦 -> 畜 -> 胃 -> 肝
弦 GEN, tsuru - string, bowstring
畜 CHIKU - animal raising, domestic animal
胃 I - stomach
肝 KAN, kimo - liver, heart, spirit