a) 動 -> 加 -> 吐 -> 幸
動 DOU , ugo(ku) - move
加 KA, kuwa(eru), kuwa(waru) - add, append, join, take part
吐 TOU, ha(ku) - spew, vomit, give vent to
幸 KOU, shiawa(se), sachi - happiness, good fortune
b) 章 -> 古 -> 呈 -> 珠
章 SHOU - chapter, badge, mark
古 KO, furu(i) - old
呈 TEI - offer, present, exhibit
珠 SHU - pearl