a) 婆 -> 如 -> 吐 -> 坪
婆 BA - old woman
如 JO, NYO - equal, like, as, as if
吐 TOU, ha(ku) - spew, vomit, give vent to
坪 tsubo - unit of area
b) 誓 -> 計 -> 古 -> 吹
誓 SEI, chika(u) - swear, pledge, vow
計 KEI, haka(ru), haka(rau) - plan, total, measure
古 KO, furu(i) - old
吹 SUI, fu(ku) - blow