a) 篤 -> 駐 -> 素 -> 緒
篤 TOKU - serious, cordial
駐 CHUU - stop, reside
素 SO, SU - element, naked, simple
緒 SHO, CHO, o(chiru) - beginning, cord, strap
b) 架 -> 杯 -> 否 -> 味
架 KA, ka(keru), ka(karu) - hang, build (a bridge)
杯 HAI, sakazuki - wine cup
否 HI, ina - no, negative
味 MI, aji , aji(wau) - taste