a) 炎 -> 炉 -> 肩 -> 胎
炎 EN, honou - flame
炉 RO - furnace, hearth
肩 KEN, kata - shoulder
胎 TAI - womb, uterus
b) 切 -> 召 -> 吟 -> 含
切 SETSU, ki(ru), ki(reru) - cut
召 SHOU, me(su) - summon, wear, take
吟 GIN - sing, chant, recite
含 GAN, fuku(mu), fuku(meru) - hold, include, contain