a) 姿 -> 如 -> 吐 -> 幸
姿 SHI, sugata - figure, form, shape, appearance
如 JO, NYO - equal, like, as, as if
吐 TOU, ha(ku) - spew, vomit, give vent to
幸 KOU, shiawa(se), sachi - happiness, good fortune
b) 普 -> 早 -> 古 -> 鳴
普 FU - general, universal
早 SOU, SA, haya(i) , haya(meru) - early, fast, hasten
古 KO, furu(i) - old
鳴 MEI, na(ku), na(ru)(rasu) - cry, sing, howl, ring