a) 弦 -> 畜 -> 里 -> 増
弦 GEN, tsuru - string, bowstring
畜 CHIKU - animal raising, domestic animal
里 RI, sato - village
増 ZOU, ma(su), fu(eru), fu(yasu) - increase, rise, raise
b) 案 -> 棋 -> 期 -> 臓
案 AN - plan, proposal
棋 KI - go, shogi, Japanese chess
期 KI, GO - time, period, term
臓 ZOU - internal organ