a) 切 -> 召 -> 吐 -> 坊
切 SETSU, ki(ru), ki(reru) - cut
召 SHOU, me(su) - summon, wear, take
吐 TOU, ha(ku) - spew, vomit, give vent to
坊 BOU, BO - priest's residence, priest, boy
b) 菓 -> 柱 -> 素 -> 編
菓 KA - cake, fruit
柱 CHUU, hashira - pillar, column, pole
素 SO, SU - element, naked, simple
編 HEN, a(mu) - knit, crochet, compile