a) 粒 -> 辛 -> 古 -> 吸
粒 RYUU, tsubu - a grain
辛 SHIN, kara(i) - hot, spicy, trying
古 KO, furu(i) - old
吸 KYUU, su(u) - suck, inhale, smoke
b) 弦 -> 畜 -> 異 -> 恭
弦 GEN, tsuru - string, bowstring
畜 CHIKU - animal raising, domestic animal
異 I, koto(naru) - be different
恭 KYOU, uyauya(shii) - respectful, reverent