Answer:
a) 柔 -> 棋 -> 碁 -> 碑
柔 JUU, NYUU, yawa(rakai) - soft
棋 KI - go, shogi, Japanese chess
碁 GO - go (board game)
碑 HI - tombstone, monument
b) 化 -> 旨 -> 明 -> 腕
化 KA, KE, ba(keru) - transform
旨 SHI, mune - purport, content, instruction
明 MEI, MYOU, aka(rui), a(keru) - bright
腕 WAN, ude - arm, ability, talent, skill