Answer:
a) 篤 -> 駐 -> 素 -> 絡
篤 TOKU - serious, cordial
駐 CHUU - stop, reside
素 SO, SU - element, naked, simple
絡 RAKU, kara(mu), kara(maru) - be entangled
b) 案 -> 松 -> 翁 -> 翼
案 AN - plan, proposal
松 SHOU, matsu - pine
翁 OU - old man
翼 YOKU, tsubasa - wing