Answer:
a) 架 -> 柱 -> 素 -> 紙
架 KA, ka(keru), ka(karu) - hang, build (a bridge)
柱 CHUU, hashira - pillar, column, pole
素 SO, SU - element, naked, simple
紙 SHI, kami - paper
b) 暦 -> 早 -> 古 -> 吸
暦 REKI, koyomi - history
早 SOU, SA, haya(i) , haya(meru) - early, fast, hasten
古 KO, furu(i) - old
吸 KYUU, su(u) - suck, inhale, smoke