Answer:
a) 化 -> 旨 -> 量 -> 黒
化 KA, KE, ba(keru) - transform
旨 SHI, mune - purport, content, instruction
量 RYOU, haka(ru) - quantity, measure, weigh
黒 The "Kuro" radical - black
b) 架 -> 棋 -> 期 -> 肥
架 KA, ka(keru), ka(karu) - hang, build (a bridge)
棋 KI - go, shogi, Japanese chess
期 KI, GO - time, period, term
肥 HI, koe, ko(yashi), ko(yasu) - manure, fertilizer, grow fat