Answer:
イ+重+⼅ Katakana "I" or The "Ninben" radical - person / JUU, CHOU, e, omo(i), kasa(naru) - manifold, heavy, pile up / The "Hanebou" radical - vertical stroke with a hook
ン+｜+、+、 Katakana "N" or The "Nisui" radical - ice / The "Tatebou" radical - vertical stroke / Comma
⼴+⽨+一+し The "Madare" radical - slanting roof / The "Hatsugashira" radical - outspread legs, departure / ICHI, ITSU, hito(tsu) - one / Hiragana "Shi"or The "Otsu" radical - the second
土+十+四+｜+ノ+ヒ DO, tsuchi - earth, soil / JUU, tou, to - ten / The "Yokome" radical - eye / The "Tatebou" radical - vertical stroke / Katakana "No" or The "No" radical - diagonal sweeping stroke / Katakana "Hi" or The "Saji" radical - spoon
⻖+月+土The "Kozatohen" radical - hill, mound / GETSU, GATSU, tsuki - moon, monthDO, tsuchi - earth, soil
The chemical symbol for sodium is "Na". Add ナ (Katakana "Na") to each set of characters to give the following:
働 DOU, hatara(ku) - work
状 JOU - condition, form, letter
廃 HAI, suta(reru), suta(ru) - become outmoded
壊 KAI, kowa(reru), kowa(su) - get broken, break, destroy
堕 DA - fall