Answer:
a) 動 -> 加 -> 呈 -> 珠
動 DOU , ugo(ku) - move
加 KA, kuwa(eru), kuwa(waru) - add, append, join, take part
呈 TEI - offer, present, exhibit
珠 SHU - pearl
b) 針 -> 古 -> 員 -> 賜
針 SHIN, hari - needle
古 KO, furu(i) - old
員 IN - member
賜 SHI, tamawa(ru) - grant, bestow, confer