Answer:
a) 婆 -> 如 -> 吟 -> 念
婆 BA - old woman
如 JO, NYO - equal, like, as, as if
吟 GIN - sing, chant, recite
念 NEN - thought, concern
b) 暦 -> 早 -> 古 -> 味
暦 REKI, koyomi - history
早 SOU, SA, haya(i) , haya(meru) - early, fast, hasten
古 KO, furu(i) - old
味 MI, aji , aji(wau) - taste