Answer:
a) 案 -> 柱 -> 青 -> 肺
案 AN - plan, proposal
柱 CHUU, hashira - pillar, column, pole
青 SEI, SHOU, ao(i) - blue
肺 HAI - lung
b) 劣 -> 加 -> 吟 -> 念
劣 RETSU, oto(ru) - be inferior
加 KA, kuwa(eru), kuwa(waru) - add, append, join, take part
吟 GIN - sing, chant, recite
念 NEN - thought, concern