Answer:
a) 努 -> 加 -> 吐 -> 坊
努 DO, tsuto(meru) - exert self, make efforts, strive
加 KA, kuwa(eru), kuwa(waru) - add, append, join, take part
吐 TOU, ha(ku) - spew, vomit, give vent to
坊 BOU, BO - priest's residence, priest, boy
b) 婆 -> 如 -> 員 -> 財
婆 BA - old woman
如 JO, NYO - equal, like, as, as if
員 IN - member
財 ZAI, SAI - money, wealth, property