Answer:
They all have to do with counting.
本 HON, moto - root, counter for long things
者 SHA, mono - person, counter for participants
転 TEN, koro(bu), koro(garu) - roll over, fall down, knock down, counter for rotations
着 CHAKU, JAKU, ki(ru), tsu(ku) - arrival, clothing, dress, put on, counter for suits/ranking
幅 FUKU, haba - width, range, counter for lengths of cloth