Answer:
ト+、 Katakana "To" or The "Boku" radical - oracle / Comma
⺾+口+｜+一+、 The "Kusakanmuri" radical - grass / KOU, kuchi - mouth / The "Tatebou" radical - vertical stroke / ICHI, ITSU, hito(tsu) - one / Comma
⺤+⼇+、+鳥 The "Tsumekanmuri" radical - claw, nail / The "Nabefuta" radical - lid, top / Comma / CHOU, tori - bird
⺨+⼇+八+、 The "Kemonohen" radical - beast / The "Nabefuta" radical - lid, top / HACHI, ya(ttsu), ya(tsu), ya, yo - eight / Comma
キ+又 Katakana "Ki" or The "Tehen" radical - hand / mata - again, also, moreover
The chemical symbol for sodium is "Na". Add ナ (Katakana "Na") to each set of characters to give the following:
矢 SHI, ya - arrow
難 NAN, muzuka(shii), kata(i) - difficult
鶏 KEI, niwatori - chicken, hen, rooster
狭 KYOU, sema(i), seba(maru), seba(meru) - narrow, small, contract
抜 BATSU, nu(ku), nu(kasu), nu(keru) - pull out, remove, leave out, surpass