Answer:
田+ノ DEN, ta - paddy field / Katakana "No" or The "No" radical - diagonal sweeping stroke
口+、 KOU, kuchi - mouth / Comma
石+T SEKI, SHAKU, ishi - stone / Alphabet "T"
将+、 SHOU - commander, general, soon / Comma
西+一+四+十 SAE, SEI, nishi - west / ICHI, ITSU, hito(tsu) - one / SHI, yo(tsu), yo(ttsu), yo, yon - four / JUU, tou, to - ten
The chemical symbol for sodium is "Na". Add ナ (Katakana "Na") to each set of characters to give the following:
男 DAN, NAN, otoko - male, man
因 IN, yo(ru) - depend on, be limited to
研 KEN, to(gu) - whet, sharpen, polish
奨 SHOU - urge, encourage
酔 SUI, yo(u) - get drunk, feel sick