Answer:
墨 BOKU, sumi - ink,
日 NICHI, JITSU, hi, ka - sun, day
加 KA, kuwa(eru), kuwa(waru) - add, append, join, take part
独 I - medicine, healing
豪 GOU - strength, power, splendour
Some have connections to their meaning, but most are phonetic.
墨 墨西哥 - Mexico
日 日本 - Japan
加 加奈陀 - Canada
独 独逸 - Germany
豪 濠太剌利 - Australia