Answer:
Just use them. They are all adjectives!
大 DAI, oo(kii) - big
寒 KAN, samu(i) - cold
貧 HIN, BIN, mazu(shii) - poor
欲 YOKU, hos(suru), ho(shii) - coveting, desire, want
薄 HAKU, usu(i), usu(ragu), usu(reru), usu(maru), usu(meru) - thin, weak, fade, dilute